/* Case study as an annotated sheet: main column of evidence, margin notes in serif italic,
   a ruler down the left edge. Red only marks the model itself. */
:root{
  --field:#0a0a0b; --panel:#121214; --ink:#e7e3da; --ink-2:#9c988f; --rule:#2a2a2d; --signal:#ff3d2e;
  --display:"Unbounded","Arial Black",system-ui,sans-serif;
  --body:"Familjen Grotesk","Helvetica Neue",Arial,sans-serif;
  --mono:"IBM Plex Mono",ui-monospace,Consolas,monospace;
  --serif:"Instrument Serif",Georgia,serif;
  --ease:cubic-bezier(.16,1,.3,1);
  color-scheme:dark;
}
@media (prefers-color-scheme: light){:root:not([data-theme="dark"]){
  --field:#dcdbd6; --panel:#e6e5e0; --ink:#121214; --ink-2:#55534e; --rule:#b9b7b0; --signal:#e02a1c; color-scheme:light}}
:root[data-theme="light"]{--field:#dcdbd6; --panel:#e6e5e0; --ink:#121214; --ink-2:#55534e; --rule:#b9b7b0; --signal:#e02a1c; color-scheme:light}

*{box-sizing:border-box}
html{scroll-behavior:smooth}
body{margin:0;background:var(--field);color:var(--ink);font:16px/1.6 var(--body);-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;overflow-x:hidden}
h1,h2,h3{margin:0;text-wrap:balance}
p{margin:0}
a{color:inherit}
:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--signal);outline-offset:3px}
.mono{font-family:var(--mono);font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--ink-2)}
.sig{color:var(--signal)}
.wrap{max-width:1180px;margin:0 auto;padding-left:max(16px,env(safe-area-inset-left,0px));padding-right:max(16px,env(safe-area-inset-right,0px))}
@media (min-width:1000px){.wrap{padding-left:max(72px,env(safe-area-inset-left,0px))}}

/* ruler */
.ruler{position:fixed;left:0;top:0;bottom:0;width:44px;border-right:1px solid var(--rule);z-index:3;pointer-events:none;
  background:repeating-linear-gradient(to bottom,var(--rule) 0 1px,transparent 1px 10px) right 0 top 0/8px 100% no-repeat,
             repeating-linear-gradient(to bottom,var(--ink-2) 0 1px,transparent 1px 50px) right 0 top 0/16px 100% no-repeat}
.ruler i{position:absolute;right:-1px;width:24px;height:2px;background:var(--signal);top:0}
.ruler span{position:absolute;left:6px;top:50%;transform:rotate(-90deg) translateX(-50%);transform-origin:left top;white-space:nowrap}
@media (max-width:999px){.ruler{display:none}}

nav{position:sticky;top:0;z-index:5;background:color-mix(in srgb,var(--field) 88%,transparent);-webkit-backdrop-filter:blur(6px);backdrop-filter:blur(6px);border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule)}
nav .wrap{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:12px;padding-block:14px}
nav a{text-decoration:none}
nav a:hover{color:var(--ink)}
nav button{font:inherit;font-family:var(--mono);font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;background:none;border:1px solid var(--rule);color:var(--ink);padding:5px 9px;cursor:pointer}
.navr{display:flex;gap:16px;align-items:center}
@media (max-width:520px){.hide-s{display:none}}

/* sheet grid: evidence + margin note */
.row{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 250px;gap:20px 48px;padding-block:56px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule)}
@media (max-width:860px){.row{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr);padding-block:44px}}
.note{font-family:var(--serif);font-style:italic;font-size:19px;line-height:1.35;color:var(--ink-2);border-left:1px solid var(--signal);padding-left:14px;align-self:start}
.note b{font-style:normal;font-family:var(--mono);font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:.08em;font-weight:500;color:var(--signal);display:block;margin-bottom:6px;text-transform:uppercase}
.note + .note{margin-top:22px}
.notes{align-self:start;position:sticky;top:90px}
@media (max-width:860px){.notes{position:static}}

/* header */
header .row{padding-top:72px}
h1{font-family:var(--display);font-weight:800;font-size:clamp(30px,7.4vw,96px);line-height:.9;letter-spacing:-.025em;text-transform:uppercase;overflow-wrap:break-word}
h1 span{display:block;font-weight:300}
.lede{margin-top:24px;max-width:56ch;font-size:clamp(17px,1.6vw,20px)}
.meta{margin-top:24px;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px 22px}
.meta .live::before{content:"";display:inline-block;width:7px;height:7px;border-radius:50%;background:var(--signal);margin-right:8px;vertical-align:1px;animation:pulse 1.6s ease-in-out infinite}
@keyframes pulse{50%{opacity:.25}}

.figs{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr);border-top:1px solid var(--ink-2);margin-top:44px}
.figs div{padding:16px 16px 4px 0;border-right:1px solid var(--rule)}
.figs div + div{padding-left:16px}
.figs div:last-child{border-right:0}
.figs b{display:block;font-family:var(--display);font-weight:800;font-size:clamp(26px,3.6vw,46px);line-height:1;letter-spacing:-.02em;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}
.figs b.sig{color:var(--signal)}
.figs span{display:block;margin-top:8px}
@media (max-width:640px){.figs{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}.figs div:nth-child(2){border-right:0}.figs div:nth-child(3){padding-left:0}.figs div:nth-child(n+3){border-top:1px solid var(--rule)}}

h2{font-family:var(--display);font-weight:500;font-size:clamp(24px,3vw,36px);line-height:1.08;letter-spacing:-.01em;margin-top:10px}
.body{margin-top:14px;max-width:62ch;color:var(--ink-2)}
.body strong{color:var(--ink);font-weight:600}
figure{margin:28px 0 0}
figcaption{margin-top:12px}

/* latency strip */
.frame{position:relative;height:56px;border:1px solid var(--ink-2);display:flex}
.frame .slot{flex:0 0 calc(100% * 1.8 / 16.67);border-right:1px dashed var(--rule);background:color-mix(in srgb,var(--ink) 10%,transparent);transform-origin:left;transform:scaleX(0)}
.frame .slot:first-child{background:var(--signal)}
.frame.on .slot{transform:scaleX(1);transition:transform .7s var(--ease)}
.ticks{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;margin-top:6px}

/* distillation */
.distil svg{width:100%;height:auto;display:block;overflow:visible}
.distil text{font-family:var(--mono);font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.06em;fill:var(--ink-2);text-transform:uppercase}
.distil .big{font-family:var(--display);font-weight:800;font-size:30px;letter-spacing:-.02em;fill:var(--ink)}
.distil .big.s{fill:var(--signal)}
.bars{margin-top:26px;display:grid;gap:12px}
.bars div{display:grid;grid-template-columns:96px 1fr 64px;gap:12px;align-items:center}
.bars .track{height:12px;background:color-mix(in srgb,var(--ink) 8%,transparent);position:relative}
.bars .track i{position:absolute;inset:0 auto 0 0;background:var(--ink);width:0}
.bars .track i.s{background:var(--signal)}
.bars.on .track i{transition:width .9s var(--ease)}
.bars b{font-family:var(--mono);font-weight:500;font-size:13px;text-align:right;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}

/* bytes */
.bytes{position:relative}
.bytes canvas{width:100%;display:block;cursor:crosshair}
.bytes .tip{position:absolute;pointer-events:none;background:var(--panel);border:1px solid var(--rule);padding:4px 8px;white-space:nowrap;opacity:0;transform:translate(-50%,-130%)}

/* pipeline table */
.pipe{margin-top:26px;border-top:1px solid var(--ink-2)}
.pipe > div{display:grid;grid-template-columns:44px 110px minmax(0,1fr);gap:12px;padding:16px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule);align-items:baseline}
.pipe b{font-weight:600}
.pipe .known{color:var(--ink)}
.pipe .todo{border:1px dashed var(--rule);padding:8px 12px;color:var(--ink-2);font-size:14.5px}
.pipe .todo em{font-family:var(--mono);font-style:normal;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:.08em;color:var(--signal);margin-right:8px}
@media (max-width:520px){.pipe > div{grid-template-columns:34px 1fr}.pipe > div > :last-child{grid-column:2}}

.tags{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:6px;margin-top:22px}
.tags span{font-family:var(--mono);font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.04em;border:1px solid var(--rule);padding:4px 8px}

footer .wrap{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:16px;flex-wrap:wrap;padding-block:44px 64px;align-items:baseline}
footer a.big{font-family:var(--display);font-weight:500;font-size:clamp(20px,3vw,32px);text-decoration:none}
footer a.big:hover{color:var(--signal)}

.reveal{opacity:0;transform:translateY(18px)}
.reveal.in{opacity:1;transform:none;transition:opacity .8s var(--ease),transform .8s var(--ease)}
@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){
  html{scroll-behavior:auto}.meta .live::before{animation:none}
  .reveal{opacity:1;transform:none}
  .frame .slot{transform:none}.frame.on .slot,.bars.on .track i,.reveal.in{transition:none}
}

/* shared widgets for the later sheets (svg figures style themselves through these classes) */
.ctl{margin-top:22px;max-width:620px}
.ctl label{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:12px;align-items:baseline}
.ctl label b{color:var(--ink)}
.ctl input{width:100%;margin:10px 0 14px;accent-color:var(--signal)}
.read{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);border-top:1px solid var(--ink-2);margin-top:18px;max-width:620px}
.read div{padding:12px 12px 4px 0;border-right:1px solid var(--rule)}
.read div + div{padding-left:12px}
.read div:last-child{border-right:0}
.read b{display:block;font-family:var(--display);font-weight:500;font-size:clamp(20px,2.6vw,30px);line-height:1.05;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}
.read b.sig{color:var(--signal)}
.read span{display:block;margin-top:6px}
.legend{display:flex;gap:18px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:12px}
.legend i{display:inline-block;width:9px;height:9px;margin-right:8px;vertical-align:0}
.illus{display:inline-block;border:1px dashed var(--rule);padding:3px 8px;margin-top:16px}
.chart svg{width:100%;height:auto;display:block;overflow:visible}
.chart text{font-family:var(--mono);font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:.05em;fill:var(--ink-2)}
.chart text.k{fill:var(--ink)} .chart text.s{fill:var(--signal)}
.chart text.big{font-family:var(--display);font-weight:800;font-size:22px;letter-spacing:-.01em;fill:var(--ink)}
.chart .fk{fill:var(--ink)} .chart .fs{fill:var(--signal)} .chart .fg{fill:var(--ink-2)} .chart .fr{fill:color-mix(in srgb,var(--ink) 8%,transparent)}
.chart .fp{fill:var(--panel)} .chart .fn{fill:none}
.chart .sk{stroke:var(--ink)} .chart .ss{stroke:var(--signal)} .chart .sg{stroke:var(--ink-2)} .chart .sr{stroke:var(--rule)}
.chart .dash{stroke-dasharray:3 4}
.btns{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;margin-top:20px}
.btns button{font:inherit;font-family:var(--mono);font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;background:none;border:1px solid var(--rule);color:var(--ink-2);padding:7px 11px;cursor:pointer;transition:border-color .2s,color .2s}
.btns button:hover{color:var(--ink);border-color:var(--ink-2)}
.btns button[aria-pressed="true"]{color:var(--signal);border-color:var(--signal)}
.links{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px 22px;margin-top:14px}
.links a{text-decoration:none;border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule)}
.links a:hover{color:var(--signal);border-color:var(--signal)}
.split{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:28px;margin-top:28px}
@media (max-width:640px){.split{grid-template-columns:1fr}}
.cell{border-top:1px solid var(--ink-2);padding-top:12px}
.cell b{display:block;font-family:var(--display);font-weight:500;font-size:clamp(22px,2.8vw,32px);line-height:1.05;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}
.cell b.sig{color:var(--signal)}
.cell span{display:block;margin-top:6px}
.bars.wide div{grid-template-columns:150px 1fr 74px}
@media (max-width:520px){.bars.wide div{grid-template-columns:96px 1fr 60px}.read{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}.read div:nth-child(3){padding-left:0;border-top:1px solid var(--rule)}}
footer a.big{overflow-wrap:anywhere;max-width:100%}

/* animated data-flow chart (flow.js) */
.flow{position:relative;margin:30px 0 0}
.flow-3d{position:relative;height:clamp(360px,46vw,500px);border:1px solid var(--rule);margin-bottom:12px;overflow:hidden;cursor:grab;touch-action:pan-y;
  background:radial-gradient(120% 90% at 50% 40%,color-mix(in srgb,var(--panel) 70%,transparent),transparent 70%)}
.flow-3d.pick{cursor:pointer}
.flow-3d.drag{cursor:grabbing}
.flow-3d canvas{position:absolute;inset:0;width:100%;height:100%;display:block}
.flow-hud,.flow-hint{position:absolute;left:14px;right:14px;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:10px;font-size:10.5px;color:var(--ink-2);pointer-events:none}
.flow-hud{top:12px}
.flow-hud span:last-child{color:var(--ink);text-align:right;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;white-space:nowrap}
.flow-hint{bottom:10px}
.flow-hint button{pointer-events:auto;font:inherit;color:var(--ink-2);background:var(--field);border:1px solid var(--rule);padding:4px 8px;cursor:pointer;opacity:0;transition:opacity .3s}
.flow.user .flow-hint button{opacity:1}
.flow-hint button:hover,.flow-hint button:focus-visible{color:var(--ink);border-color:var(--ink-2)}
.flow.no-gl .flow-3d{display:none}
.flow-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(var(--n),minmax(0,1fr));gap:10px;position:relative;z-index:1}
.flow-n{font:inherit;text-align:left;background:var(--panel);border:1px solid var(--rule);color:var(--ink);padding:12px 12px 14px;cursor:pointer;display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:6px;min-width:0;transition:border-color .25s,transform .35s var(--ease)}
.flow-n .mono{font-size:10.5px}
.flow-n b{font-weight:600;font-size:15px;line-height:1.2;overflow-wrap:anywhere}
.flow-n small{font-family:var(--mono);font-size:11px;color:var(--ink-2);line-height:1.4;overflow-wrap:anywhere}
.flow-n.draft{border-style:dashed;background:transparent}
.flow-n.hit{border-color:var(--ink-2)}
.flow-n.on{border-color:var(--signal);transform:translateY(-3px)}
.flow-n .chips{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:4px}
.flow-n .chips i{font-style:normal;font-family:var(--mono);font-size:10px;border:1px solid var(--rule);padding:2px 5px}
.flow-d{margin-top:18px;min-height:3.2em;max-width:64ch;color:var(--ink-2);border-left:1px solid var(--signal);padding-left:14px}
.flow-d b{color:var(--ink);font-weight:600}
.flow-d .draft-tag{font-family:var(--mono);font-style:normal;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:.08em;color:var(--signal);margin-right:8px}
.flow-cap{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:6px 16px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:10px}
@media (max-width:760px){.flow-3d{height:380px}.flow-grid{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:8px}.flow-n{padding:10px}.flow-n b{font-size:14px}}
@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.flow-n{transition:none}.flow-n.on{transform:none}}